纪录片结构分析

DavisGuggenheim。留意到他是因为他给Obama2012竞选拍摄的宣传性纪录片，以及他的姓氏。这个人的片子叙事结构很有特点，条理是清晰的，但也总会有一种激情贯穿，欲扬先抑做的非常好，看完之后总是觉得不仅是在看一篇论文，但同时也是在听一个充满激情的演讲（没有说是战斗檄文，因为我还没看到他太过于有针对性和带有攻击性观点的片子）。为了能弄清楚他到底是怎么去讲一件事情的，所以在被片子结尾感动到热泪盈眶的时候，我又重新播放了一遍，并且把片子里所有的能记录下来的叙事点和分析点都记录下来，按照文章结构形式整理出来，以便学习他讲故事的方式。可能会有错漏或偏差，可以留言指正之。EducationNarration(dailylifeoffamiliesandnormalthinkingofkids)•tStatementNarration:otKid’sresponsetomathquestion(Narrative)otSchooldaymorning(Narrative)otChoicebetweenpublicschoolandprivateschool(Narrative)otLotteryforaschool(Narrative)•tStudentSampleInterview–dreamsandschoolperformance(fromlow-incomefamilies)•tGetinagoodschool,becausebadschoolruinskids(Pointofview:importancetograbaseatingoodschool,anditworthtostruggle)RealityandAnalysistosystem,schoolandteachers,fromperspectivesofnation,familyandindividualkid•tEducationReality(Nation)otEducationsystem–theeducationexpensecomparisonotEducationsystem–EffortsfromgovernmentotStatusofstudents’performance(bynationaltesttoallstudents)undercurrentsystem•tEducationReality(School)otHowtheschoolenvironmentinfluencesthestudentindividuals•tEducationReality(Family)otWhatelsefactorshaveinfluencedtheindividualeducationlevel?(Question)Familyenvironment(subjective)–parentsdidnotreceivewelleducation(fromsample).(Narrative)Familyenvironment(objective)–parentsallwishtheirkidstogetwelleducation(fromsample).(Narrative)•tRealitiesNarrationofBasicEducation:PublicSchools(Narrative)otMostpublicschoolsassignedbybillsare“dropoutfactories”.otResult–Kidsareforcedtogetinthesebadschoolsthoughttheyhopingforgoodeducationsliketheirfamilies.(Indication:notfair)otPersonwhobringschange–MichelleRee•tRealitiesAnalysisofBasicEducation:PublicSchoolsotCausesofrealitiesofpublicschools–localregulationsandresourcesassignmentplanhaverefraintheschoolmanagementandteacher’smindfromwhatitissupposedtobelikesimplyacceptthesupportfromstatesthenmakeschoolsimplyasagoodplaceforkidstogetgoodeducation.otReactiontorealityKids:Whykidshateschools?(Indication:Badteachers.)Parents:Whyshouldmykidssufferfromabadeducation?(Indication:Unfairnessbroughtbyeducationsystems)•tTeachersandtherealityofschools:otWhatgoodteachersmeantoeducation?Whatdiffersgoodteachersfrombadteachers?otSupposedsolution:Whycan’twegetridofbadteachers?(Question)otSolutionobstacle:Tenureemploymentforteachers,evenforthebadsRewardsforteachersareallfixedforeveryteacher,nomattergoodonesorbadonesTeacherunionareoverprotectingandevenhavemorerightstogetinvolveinpolitics•tAdmitthedevotionbygoodteachers,andpointingtotheregulationofteacherunion•tHowschoolsactingundercurrentsituationtowardsteachers?otLemonDance–throwthegarbagetootherschools–result:severalpublicschoolwillhavemorebadteachersandmakethoseschoolworseotRubberRoom–isolateallthebadteachers,payingthemfornothingbutwaitingforreassignment–result:costloadsofmoney100milliondollars/yearforNY•tChangetothissituation:otAnewsolution–Charterschools:publicschool publicmoney independentrunningotReformtothepublicschools–MRhasshutdownbadpublicschoolsTeacherslosetheirjobsBringamorefuriouscompetitiontogetinagoodschool•tPerformancecomparisonbetweenpublicschool,privateschoolandcharterschool:Charterschoolistheseeminglybestchoiceforthoselow-incomefamilybutstillwantstostriveforgoodeducations•tPublicschooldevelopmentnarration(Reality):Whatmakespublicschoolbecomeafailurelikethis?Publicschoolsaregoodtill70s,andhavemadetoppeopleinvariousfields•tPublicschooldevelopmentanalysis(Cause):theeducationsystemisfallingbehind.Educationinolddaysisnotaimingtogeteveryoneintouniversity,butastheglobaleconomydevelopingandtalentneeds,everyonehastogetintouniversitytosurvive.•tAnswertotheCause:otSomecharterschoolsdoesnottrackstudentsgivestudentsequalopportunitytocompeteforuniversityeducation.•tEmploymentandeducationstatusnarration(Reality):Thefutureofcountryeconomycomesfrominnovations.•tEmploymentandeducationstatusanalysis(Cause):EducationonMathandScienceandTechnologyisimportant.•tAnswertotheCause:otSchoolhasdifferentfocusonnurturingkids’interests,andtherearecharterschoolsfocusingoneducationofmathandscience.•tPeople’slivingstandardinUSnarration(Reality):Poorandrichseemtobeset.•tPeople’slivingstandardinUSanalysiswithinstanceof“soundspeedofflights”(Cause):theonlywaytogetoutfrompooristogetwelleducation.•tPersontoanswerthecall:otAmbitiouseducatorsestablishthe“babycollege”program,andhaveprovedthatcharterschoolworksforchangesinprovidinggoodeducationtolow-incomefamilies.Changes•tNewhopearises,andkidsaredesperatelyhopingtogetinthosegoodschools.•tMRismakingsomepositivechanges:otGoodperformancefromsurvivedpublicschoolsotBetterstaffresourcesassignment:reassignthegoodstaffsfrombadschools.otReformontenurethatcanalsosatisfyteacherunion:theteacheracceptrenewedcontractwithstandardofperformancereviewwillgetdoubleincome•tUSaremakingchangeoneducationsystem,andgoodschoolcan’tgowithgoodteachers.•tRealitywithhope:Schoollottery(echoingthebeginningofthefilm)andlotteryresult(indication:stillhavewaytogo,butchangeiscoming)我记录了电影结尾的quotes，跟JohnLegend的Shine放在一起，这些文字真的是足够煽情。“Weneedgoodproves…leadingpeopletosayyes,wecandothis”–BillGates“Weneedtoknow…ifthereisfortitudetoleadthemfromthesituation(eventhatcomeswithbigsacrifice)…”–MichelleReeDon’tgiveup.“Oursystemisbroken,anditfeelsimpossibletofix.Butwecan’twait.Greatschoolcomesfromgreatpeople.Ineverycity,peoplearedoingiteveryday,peoplelikeyou.Therearestepsyoucantakestocreategreatschools.Weknowwhatworkstocreateyourschools,tocreateanyschool,tocreateeveryschool:qualityteachers,moreclassroomtime,worldclassstandards,highexpectations,realaccountability.Theproblemiscomplex,butstepsaresimple.Itstartswithteachersbecomingtheverybestteachers,leadersremovingthebarrierstochange,neighborscommittedtotheirschool.Greatschoolwon’tcomefromwinningthelottery.Theywon’tcomefromsuperman.Theywillcomefromyou.”回头再去看前面分析，其实还是觉得有一些分析是欠缺的，譬如教育对于贫富差距的改善等，但是Davis很好的用激励的事例去说服，毕竟这并不是一部要如何辩证证明的纪录片，它更大的作用是让人们去相信改变，并且不要放弃。我想这也是为什么我总能觉得他是在演讲而不是在辩论的原因。但能做到这样，对我来说也是非常厉害的了。