罪案中的脑科学-观剧日志

片头片尾独白整理 每集短评S02E01【Change】Onethingiscertain,unlikeoldDocFrankenstein,wecantexchangeourbrainforanother.Likeitornot,wearestuckwiththethreepoundsofcauliflowerwewerebornwith.Canpeoplereallychange?Isourpersonalitygeneticallypreprogrammedorisitmalleable?Thescienceofneuroplasticitysuggeststhatourbrainhastheabilitytochangeandgrowthroughourlife.Inessence,ourexperiencesrewireus.Theycanmakeusdoorthinkthingspreviouslyundoableorunthinkable?Theycanprovokeusintoformingnewthoughtsandideas.Andtheycanteachusvaluablelessonsmakinguslessinclinedtorepeatthemistakesofourpast.Thebrainisinaconstantstateofflux,suggestingthatnothinginlifeispermament.Andyet,astheysay,themorethethingschange,themoretheystaythesame.脑子被枪打过（怪不得上海人骂人会用这句），大概是人发生bigchange的少数可行途径之一。其他情形，只能靠经历和学习，一点点地rewire大脑的认知区域，一点点地往自己期望的方向change。S02E02【Love】Howdoesloverewirethebrain?Whenwemeetsomebodynewandexciting,theyinvadeoursynapseslikeavirus,triggeringneurochemicalsthatfeedintoattraction,arousal,evenobsessions.Wegetdistracted.Whenyouthinkaboutthatspecialsomeoneallthetime,eveninthemiddleofabrilliantstimulatinglecture,wearenotjustthinkingaboutthem,werebuildinganinternalmodel,asimulationthathelpuspredictwhattheyllthinkorhowtheyllfeel.Ofcourse,relationshipsgetintotroublewhenthesimulatjionmeetsrealitywhichbegsthequestion,dowereallyfallinlovewithanotherperson,orjustwithourideaofwhotheyare?Whydowebotherwithrelationships?Neuropsychiatristssaythatwerehardwiredtocraveintimateconnections.welongforlove,ofcourse,therealityis,itusuallyendsinheartache,leavingourdelicatepsychesbruised,ifnotcompletelyshattered.Whydoweevenbotherplayingthoseodds?Iguess,becauseweonlyhavetogetitrightonece.Andwhenitsright,weknowit.Eventhememoryofafulfillingrelaitonshipcansustainus.Andremindusthat,althoughwemaybefeelingdownatthisparticularmoment,wevenevertrulyalone.你爱的是这个人的本体，还是你想像出来的分身，最好搞搞清楚，不过有时候不大容易搞的清楚。不管怎样，最好在结婚前搞清楚。结了婚的嘛，还是算了，糊涂点为好，非要搞清楚的话，没准会有黄粱一梦的风险，罪过哦。S02E03【visionorillusion】Humanmindhasevolvedtoperceivepatterandmeaninginalmosteverything.Thistendencyisknownasquot;pareidoliaquot;.Weseewithmorethanoureyes,wealsoseewithourbrains.quot;Changeblindnessquot;happenswhenthereachangeinvisualstimulusthatgoesunnoticedbytheobserver,becausetheyrefocusedonotherthings.WhatifItoldallofyouthatyourepartiallyblind,thatrightnow,youthinkyoureseeingtheworldasittrulyis,butinactualityyouremissingsomething.Itstrue.See,everytimeweopenoureyes,lightshinesontoourretina.Nervecellscalledphotoreceptoresinterpretthelight,transmittheinformationtoourbrain.Andthatshowwesee.Buttheresasmallareaonourretinawheretherearenophotoreceptors.Thisiscalledascotoma,orblindspot.Weallhaveone.Soifthatstrue,howisitthatwenevernoticeablackareainourfieldofvision?Thereasonyounevernoticedyourblindspotisbecauseyourbrainisgreatatguessingwhatshouldbethereandautomaticallyfillingintheblank.Sometimes,weknowwhatwewanttosee,andourneo-cortexturnsthatexpectationintoakindofvirtualrealitywhichmeansthatsomeoftheworldweseeisreallyjustanillusion.Ascarythought,whenyouconsiderhowvulnerablethatmakeus.Sohowdoweuncoverourblindspots?howdoweeverfullyseethetruththatsrightinfrontofoureyes?Well,agoodplacetostartistosimplyopenyourmind,becauseastheFrenchphilosopherHenriBergsonsaid,quot;Theeyeseesonlythemindispreparedtocomprehendquot;.亲眼所见难道还不可信吗？亲，还真的不可信。在视觉形成过程中，眼睛和大脑是一个team，再明亮的眼睛遇见猪一样的队友，睁眼说瞎话、自己把自己卖了还帮人数钞票，也并不是不可能地。所以，如果大脑ambush了你，请悄悄地把眼泪拭去，然后默默地，对大脑皮层进行碎片整理，最好重新分个区。S02E04【Secret】Whenyouhaveadarkdeepsecret,theoneyouvenevertoldasoul,thereswargoingoninyourbrain.Ourbestguessisthatyourcingulatecortexdesperatelywantstotellthetruth,butyourorbitalprefrontalcortexissimulatinghowbadthingswillbeifyouactuallyspillthebeans.Ifyourprefrontalcortexwins,yourlevelofstresshormonesgoesup,ifyourcingulatecortexwins,yourstressleveldrops.So,ifitsbiologicallyhealthiestoconfessoursecrets,whatisitabouthumannaturethatmakesusfightsohardtokeepthemhidden?Freudoncesaidquot;nomortalcankeepasecret,ifhislipsaresilient,hechatterwithhisfinger-tips,betrayaloozedoutofeveryporequot;.IthinkoldSigmundmighthavebeenontosomething.Althoughwemaybedesperatetokeepoursecrets,theharderwetrytoburythem,themoretherisetothesurface.Weareneurologicallycompelledtoconfess.Andthatsagoodthing.Confessionisgoodforthebody,forthebrain,itmightbegoodforthesoul,ifyoubelieveinthatsortofthing.quot;GeneticSexualattractionquot;：OurDNAcompellsustoconnectwithourgenetictribe.Butpsychologicalimprintingandsocialtaboooverwhelmsexualdersirewhensiblingsareraisedtogether.Butwhentwopeopleareunwareoftheirbiologicalbond,theyredrawntoeachother.我有一个秘密，不能让别人知道。我说梦话，床伴知道了，我干掉床伴；干掉床伴的时候，被捡垃圾的看见了，我干掉捡垃圾的；干掉捡垃圾的时候，被修路灯的看见了，我干掉修路灯的；干掉修路灯的时候，被XXX看见了，我干掉XXX，，，，我好累，但是我得守住这个秘密，终于有一天，我死了，这个秘密终于安全了。看吧，只有死人才能保守秘密，这是看罪案剧的常识。脑科学说了，保守秘密会增加压力，压力大可是会致癌的亲。坦白多好啊，说出来你会如沐春风的来，亲你有啥秘密，快告诉我，我保证不告诉别人。。。S02E05【realityorfantasy】Woulditsurpriseyoutolearntheworldinyourmindismostlyafantasy?Wegettoknowpeoplebytakingafewsmallculesthatwehaveaboutthemandprocessingitallthroughtaneuralfilterladenwithourownpersonalbiases.Werelyonourmindtofillintheblanksoftheiridentity.butwhothepeopleinourlivesreallyare,theiressence?Thatsintheirbrains,notours.Therealityis,untilthenexthighschooldropoutfromsiliconvalleyinventsawayforustoliterallyplugintothebrainsofanotherperson,wecanneverreallyknowwhotheyare.Allwecandoisarmourselveswithwhatweknowtobetrue,ourfeelings,love,anger,longing,happiness,fear,friendship,thesearethebrainsguidancesystem,itstruenorth.Andifwecanmanagetotrustthem,theycanusuallyhelpusfindwhatwerelookingfor.大脑不仅帮助我们感知physicalworld，还帮助我们建立mentalworld。physicalworld是靠视觉、听觉、触觉等知觉感知建立的，也就是人类达成共识的山川河流、日月星辰的这个physicalworld。mentalworld是靠认知建立的精神世界，这是属于个人的世界，可以存在事实上不存在、但你却认为存在的人或事物。——正好在读的《makingupthemind》S02E06【improvement】Hemispherectomyisusedtoremovethediseasedlefthalfofthebrain.Amazingly,speechandotherfunctionsoncecontrolledbythelefthemisphere,willeventuallydevelopintheright.Hemispherectomiesnotonlysavelives,theyalsoshowusthattobefullyhumanonlytakeshalfabrain.Asfortherestofyou,doesthatmeanyouhavealotmorebrainpowerthanyoureallyneed?ordoesitmeanthatyouhavevastamountsofunrealizedpotential?whyarehumansconstantlystrivingforimprovement?muchofourambitionisdrivenbyourlargeprefrontalcortex,whichiswhywereinthisclassroomandnotinthejungleeatingbananas.Everyday,wedreamaboutnewtechnologicaladvancements,upgradedcellphones,fastercomputers,newmedicaltechniques.Scienceseemstohaveunlimitedpotential,andmanyoftheseadvancementsreallydomakeourlivesbetter.Sometimes,Ithinkinourstrivingforimprovement,welosesightofsomethingjustasimportant.maybeweshouldtrytoacceptwhatsalreadyprettygoodaboutourselves.Andnoteverythingneedsfixing,Morzartsmusicis200yearsold.itdoesntrequireanyupgrade,itsperfectjustthewayitis.大脑到底有多powerful，这是个没有定论的问题。但这集里提到大脑的自我修复能力，已经有不少实验结果支持。曾经看到过几个类似的案例，是讲人的大脑受到创伤之后，可以在未损伤的区域重新开发原有功能的能力，这种能力的发现是振奋人心的，毕竟，这比壁虎断尾续生可要酷多了。案件中的DBS，deepbrainstimulator，微创方式安装在人脑中，用电动力控制脑部出现的tremor或seizure，以此帮助病人。btw，这玩意真的存在，google上能查出DBS专利的相关信息。多么神奇的技术，不可思议，是吗？然而，科技的进步仿佛也是无极限的，每隔几年，都会有一批科技，从“不可思议”变成“理所当然”，科技带来的不仅有生活模式的改变，也有商业模式的改变，这些改变在我们生命的每个层面、每个细节，从渗透到浸润。最后吐个槽，小提琴手这位仁兄，是影视界搞音乐的职业病人么，刚看见他在《royalpains》里拉小提琴时摔坏了脑袋，这会又在这儿又成了帕金森患者。。这也算术业有专攻么。S02E07【miracleormistake】wewanttobelievethatthebrainisall-powerful,thatthereisnothingwecantlearn,nothingwecantconquerifwejustsetourmindstoit.butdespitethebrainseleganceandeffiency,thereissomethingsthepowerofthemindjustcannotdo.sometimeswhenwerefacedwithanintractableproblem,itisnotbrainthatcansolveit,itistheheart.人类在极度绝望的时候，就会求助于非科学。比如，教授带着妈妈乱投医比如，这里面的没死于脑癌却死于枪击的倒霉蛋，忍受不了脑癌的痛苦，求助于NeuroPositiveIntegrationcoach。这个coach的理念是，一切精神上的wounds，都会以病痛的形式加诸于肉体。“你心怀愧疚，所以生脑癌了，你去自首，心灵上解脱了，所以脑癌就自己好了，你看，不是还有CT片子证明我的观点吗！而且你反悔了，头就又疼了不是。”证据与结论匹配的多么完美啊，这是psychic们自以为很科学的视角。“脑瘤不可能靠意念治愈，一定是哪儿搞错了”，这是脑科学家自以为很科学的视角。在这一集，这个问题的结论很清楚，我感觉bj的意思是，你们看，我早就告诉过你们了吧，不是miracle，只是个mistake。但展开了讲，一些疾病不治而愈的真相是什么，人类需要更多的证据。S02E08【heal】Hopeaboundsintheworldofneurotherapythankstoembryoniccellsinthebrainknownasneuroblasts.Thesetinymiraclesforminthesubventriclezoneafterastroke,thenzipovertothedamagedtissueandmakerepairs.Amazing，thebrainhasitsownpitcrew.Now,neuroblastresearchisstillinitsinfancy.butsomeday，insteadofmanagingbraindegenerationwithmedication,wemaybeabletohelpthebrainhealitself.lifeawaits.Meaningfulfriendships,inspiringwork,independence,yourplaceintheworld,theyrealljustwaitingoutsideyourdoor.Nowimagineifthatdoorwaslocked.Nokey,sideexits,youretrapped,whileeverybodyelseblossomsaroundyou.Thatswhatitfeelslikegrowingupwithamentalillness.So,whileGammaknifesurgerycandisabletheneurologicalcircuitwherethispatientsOCDimpulsesform,itcanmakeupforthelosttime.Ofcourse,thereareplentyofmentalillnessescannotbefixedwithsurgery,butasMr.Lewickidiscoveredduringtheweekend,neurologistsareacrazybunch,crazyenoughtobelievethatifyoucoulddiscoveraviablecureforoneillness,theneventually,youlldiscoveracureforthenextone,whichmeansthereshopeforallofus.这集，有精神病史的教授，为了找证据给OCD病人洗脱罪名，居然扮作精神病（这还用扮吗，经验丰富啊）潜入精神病院做无间道，哈哈，这个设定还蛮带感的。至于涉及到的脑科学，主要是大脑有一类神经细胞（neuroblasts）具有healinghands，这帮货就好比大脑专有的修理工一样，专注于修复受损的脑组织。这一发现给neurologist带来了希望，大家都设想着，没准哪天，精神病的治疗就能像现在治疗身体上的疾病一样简单可行啦。哥，这么说，精神病治的好？嗯，治的好的，药别停。。。S02E09【Virus】这集教授忙着会旧情人来着，没上课，没独白。案例是，美国女战斗英雄被富二代战友强奸后，被传染了herpesvirus（typeII），更悲催的是，病毒进入大脑，引发了脑膜炎。脑部发炎肿胀，使得病人表现出neurobehavioraldisorder，即克鲁尔-布西症候群（Klüver-BucySyndrome），具体表现是，无法遏制自己的各种冲动（suchascompulsivesexualbehavior,oralfixation,lackoffear,themood-swings），尤其以性冲动和往嘴里乱塞东西为代表。这些症状的出现，一般意味着大脑的颞叶区（thetemporallobes）受损.这集要我划重点的话，明显不是脑科学，必须得是论安全性行为的重要性啊。案子还没完，结尾处，目测是女主FBI杀人了，这难道是女主不演了、要去生孩子的节奏吗？S02E10【Secondchance】上集的案子破了，同时，FBI姐姐的官司也雨过天晴。原来那位连自己亲爹都嫌弃的蠢货本来是想设套诱杀女主，但不曾想FBI姐姐分析利弊后悄悄穿起避弹衣，莫名其妙完胜。看来女主暂时不用去生孩子了。这集案子的主题貌似跟脑科学没啥关系，但是因为教授找回了第一春，所以在结尾处的课堂上大肆宣扬受损的大脑和低谷的人生都需要“secondchance”：Therecanbeasecondactforthebrain，knownasAcquiredSavantSyndrome（后天性学者症候群）——devastatedbyinjury,thebrainsofordinarypeoplecandevelopamazingnewskills.forexample,ahighschooldropoutissavagelyattacked,heawakensabletodrawmathematicallyaccuratefractalsbyhand.Afterastroke,adoctorwithnopreviousinterestinartbecomesagiftedpainter,whoseworkadornsgallerywallsandmagazinepages.Soifourbrainscanhaveasecondact,whynotourlives?我感觉，这种受损后却能奇迹地发展出从未有过的天赋的大脑，大概都是被God亲吻过的。。。ps：里面还有个女战士，左脑受伤，患了Brocasaphasia(布罗卡氏失语症)，不能说话或写字，但是可以用唱歌的方式来表达，因为唱歌归右脑管。这个案例也好神奇。半季终，半年后继续。。。